禮 (protocol)

名實の、名-名の關係

protocol

mid-15c., prothogol, "prologue;" 1540s, prothogall, "draft of a document, minutes of a transaction or negotiation, original of any writing" (senses now obsolete), from French prothocole (c. 1200, Modern French protocole), from Medieval Latin protocollum "draft," literally "the first sheet of a volume" (on which contents and errata were written), from Greek prōtokollon "first sheet glued onto a manuscript," from prōtos "first" (see proto-) + kolla "glue," a word of uncertain origin.

The sense developed in Medieval Latin and French from "rough draft; original copy of a treaty, etc." to "official record of a transaction," to "diplomatic document" (especially one signed by friendly powers to secure certain ends by peaceful means), and finally, in French, to "formula of diplomatic etiquette." That final sense is attested in English by 1896.

The general sense of "conventional proper conduct" is recorded from 1952. "Protocols of the (Learned) Elders of Zion," Russian anti-Semitic forgery purporting to reveal Jewish plan for world domination, first was published in English 1920 under title "The Jewish Peril."

code (規則)

法體系および法典。

規則・規約。

慣例、規範、作法。例：放送コード、ドレスコード＝服装規定など。

コード (暗號)。例：テン・コード、フォネティックコード＝通話表、コードネーム、コードトーカーなど。

遺傳コード⇒ コドン

記號・符號・識別子。例：バーコード、空港コードなど。

記號化・符號化する行爲をコーディングと呼ぶ。例：コーディングセオリー＝符號理論など。

コード - 上記に轉じ、プログラム (コンピュータ)自體のこと。例：ソースコード、オブジェクトコード、バイトコードなど。

コード - データや信號等をあらかじめ任意の形式に再變換可能なやうに處理する（エンコード／デコード）こと。または、そのやうに處理されたデータ・信號自體（例：文字コード、タイムコード）。

c. 1300, "systematic compilation of laws," from Old French code "system of laws, law-book" (13c.), from Latin codex"systematic classification of statutory law," earlier caudex "book," literally "tree trunk," hence, book made up of wooden tablets covered with wax for writing. De Vaan traces this through Proto-Italic *kaud-ek- to PIE *kehu-d- "cleaved, separate," which he also sees as the root of cauda "tail" (see coda).